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• Reducing herd culling rate and heifer mortality rate by 5 percent will increase surplus replacements by 30 percent per 100 cow herd.
• Adequate and timely colostrum intake is critical to improving heifer survival and proper growth.
• Monitoring heifer growth rates is essential for make important management decisions.
• Milk producing ability of 1 st lactation cows is more dependent on size than age.

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